Ultrasonographic evaluation of internal derangement of the knee joint with MRI correlation

Controversies exist about the value of ultrasound in diagnosing internal knee derangement. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of ultrasonography in diagnosis of internal derangement of the knee by comparing the ultrasound results with the magnetic resonance imaging findings. Forty-four patients clinically presented with suggestive signs and symptoms of internal derangements of the knee joint were examined by both ultrasonography and MR imaging which were reported separately and their results were compared with each others. Ultrasound was found sensitive for detection of knee joint effusion, lipohemoarthrosis, and baker cyst where 100% of cases were diagnosed by US. The sensitivity of ultrasound for detection of meniscal tears was 83.87% with false negative results of 16.12%, while false positive results were encountered in only 4.54% of the examined patients. The sensitivity of ultrasound to detect complete ACL tear was 85.71%, however unsatisfactory results were obtained in detection of partial or chronic ACL tears. Also, fairly high sensitivity of US to detect MCL tear was seen in the current study; approaching 80%. Ultrasonography can be a useful modality in diagnosing internal derangement of the knee; when MR equipments are not available, with fairly high sensitivity in detection of meniscal tears, ACL and collateral ligaments tears

Sex determination in adult Egyptians from the second cervical vertebra: an anthropological and radiological study

Medico-legal investigations of unidentified human skeletal remains demand a variety of methods for accurate sex estimation [mainly depending on the skull and hipbones]. Physical anthropologists are frequently summoned to provide reliable sex estimation of unknown individuals represented by a few bones. Meanwhile radiology is also employed facilitate medico-legal identification. To evaluate sex prediction through examination of the second cervical vertebra in adult Egyptians by using a simple method and to formulate an equation to help in sex determination. Material and methods: Two groups were included in this study: i- The first group consisted of 50 second cervical vertebral bones [26 males and 24 females] from corpses. ii- The second group entailed 50 computerized tomography [CT] scans of second cervical vertebra [30 males and 20 females] performed for living individuals. For each second cervical vertebra, eight measurements were taken [Maximum Breadth Across the Superior Facet [SFB], Superior Facet Transverse Diameter [SET], Dense Transverse Diameter [DTD], Superior Facet Sagittal Diameter [SFS], Length of the Vertebral Foramen [LVF], Dense Sagittal Diameter [DSD], Maximum Height of the Dense [XDH] and Maximum Sagittal Length [XSL]. All the measurements used showed sexual dimorphism except for length of vertebral foramen [LVF] for both groups [bones and living individuals]. The probability of correct sex determination was calculated. Most measurements showed a probability above 80%. Dense Sagittal Diameter [DSD] from the first group and Maximum Breadth across the Superior Facet [SFB] in the second group showed low probability [76.3% and 70.03% respectively] and hence were excluded from the equation. The resultant equations were as follows: For sexing of the second cervical bone: Y= 8.45 + [O.67x SFB] + [0.36 x SET] + < [0.9 x DTD] + 0.68 x SFS] + [O.63 x XDH]+ [0.046 x XSL] Lf y <17 it is female / If y